One of Brooks’s big arguments in The Well Wrought Urn is that you can’t summarize (or paraphrase) a poem and retain its meaning. The poem says something. From ig35 to ig48 Cleanth Brooks was co-editor of The South- ern Review with In addition to these and to The Well Wrought Urn, Mr. Brooks has published. Book Source: Digital Library of India Item : Cleanth ioned.
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It can be performed as validly for bad works as good ones. If we are not too much blinded by our doctrine of either-or, we shall be able to see that there are many poems in the English tradition which demonstrate a thorough awareness well the prob- lem and which manage, at their appropriate levels, the same kinds of synthesis of attitudes which we associate characteristically with Donne. Does Shakespeare mean for pity or for fear of retribution to be dominant in Macbeth’s mind? As the poem closes, Pope addresses Belinda thus; When those fair Suns shall sett, as sett they cleanthh.
That, when the brains were out, the man would die. Having pre-empted the poem for our own purposes, it may not be too outrageous to go on to make one further observation. Wee can dye by it, if not live by love, And if brloks for tombes. It comes beooks terms with the authoritative Christian mores, casually and without undue thought about the conflict — at least the paganism in action does: With hairy Sprindges we the Birds betray.
The word is in a crucial position. They are perfectly evident — even in the title itself; and the poem begins with an address to the Muse in which the sexual implications are underscored: The Well Wrought Urn: One of the more important elements which works toward our acceptance of the final paradox is the figure of the phoenix, which will bear a little further analysis.
But rather, out of the experiences of many May morn- ings, and out of his experience of Catullus, and pos- sibly out of a hundred other experiences, he fashions, probably through a process akin to exploration, the total experience which is the poem.
Corinna, like them, is subject to nature, and to the claims of nature; and the season of springtime cannot, and ought not, to be denied.
Full text of “Well Wrought Urn Studies In The Structure Of Poetry”
It is a language in which the connotations play as great a part as the denotations. Macbeth says in Act I: Coleridge has of course given us the classic description of its nature and power. Otherwise the poetry of the past becomes significant merely as cul- tural anthropology, and the poetry of the present, merely as a political, or religious, or moral instrument.
Yet the dis- The Naked Babe and the Cloak of Manliness 39 guise which they wear will enable Macheth to assume the robes of Duncan — robes to which he is no more entitled than are the daggers to the royal garments which they now wear, grotesquely. For one thing, the poem will be seen to make more use of paradox than is commonly supposed. Pope has absolutely no illusions about what the game is, and is certainly not to be shocked by any naturalistic inter- pretation of the elaborate and courtly conventions un- der which Belinda fulfills her natural function of find- ing a mate.
The Well Wrought Urn
Nevertheless, I have decided to relegate the more technical parts of this discussion to an appendix where they will be available for those readers who are interested, but will intrude as little as possible on the book proper.
Pope knows too how artificial the social conventions really are and he is thoroughly cognizant of the economic and biologi- cal necessities which underlie them — which the conven- tions sometimes seem to mask and sometimes to adorn. Why has she cherished the lock at all?
She must certainly avoid at every cost becoming a ruined maid. Brooks thus uses the same criteria to analyze and judge these poems as he did for the modern and metaphysical verse. But we have not done with the paradox yet. He is a dogged pupil. Pope sug- gests that the Baron wrught even be the victim rather The Case of Miss Arabella Fermor 91 than the aggressor — it is a moot question whether he has seized the lock or been ensnared by it.
Cleanth BrooksPaul Rand.
William Empson has commented oti the func- tion of the images in the famous fourteenth stanza; What this means, as the context makes clear, is that eight- eenth-century England had no scholarship system or carriere ouverie aux talents. What does the poem itself say?
But the tempest, ridiculous though it is when seen in perspective, is a real enough tempest and related to very real issues. Was Gray actually conscious of such a purpose? This becomes plain when we see that the personifica- tions are actually the allegoric figures, beloved by the eighteenth century, which clutter a great abbey church such as that at Bath or at Westminster.
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It is only when the poet sees the city under the semblance of death tliat he can see it as wrougut alive — quick with the only life which he can accept, the organic life of “nature. Its death is life: The well wrought urn: Paradox is the language of sophistry, hard, bright, witty: Her unconscious sympathy is the unconscious worship.
If he do bleed.
To stain her honor will certainly wroughht a breach of good taste — what- ever else it may be — and that for Ariel is enough. It is the experience which the cosmetic advertisers take at a level of dead seriousness, and obviously Pope is amused to have it taken seriously.